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Masses Publishing Co. v. Patten
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Masses Publishing Co. v. Patten : ウィキペディア英語版
Masses Publishing Co. v. Patten

''Masses Publishing Co. v. Patten'', 244 F. 535 (S.D.N.Y. 1917), was a decision by the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York, that addressed advocacy of illegal activity under the First Amendment.
==Background==
In cases such as ''Abrams v. United States'', 250 U.S. 616 (1919) and ''Gitlow v. New York'', 268 U.S. 652 (1925) and others, the United States Supreme Court struggled to draw the line between politically unpopular speech and actual threats to national security. ''Masses Publishing Co. v. Patten'' greatly influenced the Supreme Court’s eventual adoption in ''Brandenburg v. Ohio'' of the "incitement test" for advocacy of illegal activity.
At issue in ''Masses Publishing Co. v. Patten'' was the federal Espionage Act of 1917, which prohibited citizens from counseling or advising violation of the law. The Court found that the New York postmaster's refusal to allow circulation of the antiwar journal ''The Masses'' under the statute violated the First Amendment.

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